Within plastics, a distinction is made:
1) plastomers – termoplasty i duroplasty (thermosetting and chemically setting);
2) elastomery.

The production of plastics is based on two types of chemical reactions. As a result of them, macromolecules are formed from small monomer molecules. What are these chemical reactions called?
1. Polymerization: the monomers connect to each other by opening their double bonds.
2. Poliaddycja: macromolecules are formed as a result of rearrangement of the atoms of the starting molecules.
3. Polycondensation: the formation of a macromolecule is accompanied by the formation of by-products (the most common water).

A large number of different materials and products can be obtained from the small number of original plastics by modifying the compounds. Please list four possibilities for modifying the plastic, as a result of which the material acquires other properties. Plastics are modified by:
1) copolymerization (joint polymerization of different monomers);
2) mixed polymerization (mixing different plastics);
3) adding a plasticizer (increasing flexibility);
4) adding a blowing agent (production of foamed plastics).

Plastics are most often given short names. Which materials are marked with the orphans listed below?

1) GFK 6) PE 11) PY AC

2) ABS 7) PP 12) PVC

3) PE-CS 8) PMMA 13) SB

4) EP 9) PS 14) UP

5) PA 10) PUK

These are the following materials:
1) glass fiber reinforced plastics;
2) acrylonitrile – butadiene – styrene;
3) chlorosulfone polyethylene;
4) an epoxy resin;
5) polyamide;
6) polyethylene;
7) polypropylene;
8) polymethylmethyl methacrylate (acrylic glass);
9) the police;
10) polyurethane;
11) polyvinyl acetate;
12) polyvinyl chloride;
13) styrene – butadiene;
14) unsaturated polyester resin.

How can plastics be recognized at all?

1. First, most often only a very superficial distinction is possible on the basis of its appearance.
2. It is possible to distinguish plastics by burning test. Based on the observation of the flame and the smell test, the type of material can be determined.
3. Plastics can be recognized by their different solubilities. Various manufacturers of car paints offer suitable solvent sets for this purpose.
4. Plastics can be recognized by their resistance to high temperature. All thermoplastics have a characteristic softening point.

In practice, recognizing plastics is very difficult. Optical examination usually does not allow a clear diagnosis. The flammability test is usually impossible to perform, for this would require a suitable sample. This also applies to the dissolution test. The heat resistance can only be more accurately determined under laboratory conditions. In practice, we rely on the manufacturer's information.