There are many methods of preventing water from entering a building.
Foundation insulation, depending on soil and water conditions, can be designed to be anti-water (heavy) or anti-moisture (light)
Surface waterproofing should be protected against mechanical damage. Such protection may be a brick covering with a curtain wall, thermal insulation material for use in contact with the ground, drainage plates or special polyethylene membranes with spacers. Correct connection of horizontal floor insulation with vertical wall insulation is of particular importance in protecting basements against moisture. At this contact point, there is the greatest risk of water penetrating the interior.
The basic materials for anti-moisture insulation are insulation membranes.
• Roofing felts in rolls consist of a matrix of construction cardboard or polyester fiber impregnated with bitumen (e.g. asphalt) and additionally coated with bitumen with sprinkles. The protective foil or mineral sprinkle on them protects against sticking during storage and against solar radiation.
• Heat-weldable roofing felt, are modified with ennobling additives, which increase the softening point (better properties at high temperatures, improve flexibility at low temperatures and increase resistance to aging.
• Flexible and thin self-adhesive membranes are designed to treat any protrusions and corners as a supplement to insulation on straight surfaces.
The type of matrix determines the strength properties of the tar paper, providing mechanical resistance to tearing or cutting. The type and amount of bituminous material determine the tightness and flexibility of the roofing felt.
Papa are sold in rolls, on which the grammage is given (weight 1 m2) matrix and the content of bituminous substances on 1 m2 of space. Depending on the grammage, the insulation tar paper is divided into three types: I 400/1400; I 400/1600 i I 500/1600 (e.g. symbol 400/1400 means, that the tar paper was made of cardboard with a grammage 400 g / m2 and coated 1400 g asphalt).