The concept of fire ventilation is understood here as a system of smoke exhaust and exhaust ventilation that ensures the removal of smoke and hot gases generated during a fire and the air supply system to the zone, in which there is smoke, ensuring smoke buoyancy …

The width of horizontal escape routes is calculated in proportion to the number of people who can stay on a given floor of the building at the same time, assuming at least 0.6 me and 100 people but not less than 1.4 m. It is allowed to reduce this width to 1.2 m, if …

Glass has always been present in furniture construction. However, a fascinating way to combine glass with wood, shown in the projects presented here, is a real masterpiece – in addition to my own idea and workmanship.

Glass is an unusual material – above all, exceptionally beautiful. Glass plates …

Basic design solutions of shut-off dampers and their characteristics.
In the case of fire ventilation cut-off dampers, in addition to design solutions, which are used with the fire dampers discussed earlier, wing flaps are also available on the market. The basic design difference has its justification …

Solutions for energy-efficient buildings, and in particular for buildings with the Passive House standard, they say nothing about the aesthetic canons according to which such a building is to be built. The guidelines for energy efficiency affect the shape of the building, but slight on its finish.

Today …

Please compare the thermal insulation from the outside with the thermal insulation from the inside in terms of the conditions of water vapor condensation in the wall

Temperature distribution in the cross-section of the wall at the same internal and external temperature values:

When the wall has no thermal insulation, temperature …

Fire ventilation cut-off dampers, unlike fire dampers, in the waiting position, that is, during the normal operation of the facility – remain closed. If a fire is detected in a given fire zone, the command to open the ventilation cut-off dampers is transmitted from the CSP …

Fire resistance is determined in order to assess the performance of a given building element, when subjecting his sample to specific conditions of heating and pressure. The fire resistance of a test piece is expressed in time, by which the relevant classification criteria are met.

Fire resistance test
Rule …

Ventilation ducts and any inspection doors used in them should be made of non-flammable materials, and combustible thermal and acoustic insulation as well as other combustible cladding of ventilation ducts may be used only on their outer surface, in a way that prevents the spread of fire. …

The basic factors causing the movement of smoke in a building are:
– chimney effect,
– heat emitted during a fire,
– Atmospheric conditions, especially wind and temperature,
– operation of mechanical air transport systems.

Floating is observed within the fire compartment …